diffusion lighting

src/ray.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,24 @@
 use crate::{node::Node, scene::Scene};
 use nalgebra::{Matrix4, Point3, Vector3};
+use rand;
+
+const MAX_DEPTH: u8 = 5;
+const DIFFUSE_RAYS: i8 = 5;
+const DIFFUSE_COEFFICIENT: f32 = 0.5;
+
+fn random_vec() -> Vector3<f64> {
+    Vector3::new(rand::random(), rand::random(), rand::random())
+}
+fn random_unit_vec() -> Vector3<f64> {
+    random_vec().normalize()
+}
+fn random_on_hemisphere(normal: &Vector3<f64>) -> Vector3<f64> {
+    let dir = random_unit_vec();
+    match dir.dot(normal) > 0.0 {
+        true => dir,
+        false => -dir,
+    }
+}
 
 // INTERSECTION -----------------------------------------------------------------
 pub struct Intersection {
@@ -8,6 +27,7 @@ pub struct Intersection {
     pub normal: Vector3<f64>,
     pub distance: f64,
 }
+//Intersection point including point and normal
 impl Intersection {
     pub fn transform(&self, trans: &Matrix4<f64>, inv_trans: &Matrix4<f64>) -> Intersection {
         let point = trans.transform_point(&self.point);
@@ -46,13 +66,35 @@ impl Ray {
     pub fn at_t(&self, t: f64) -> Point3<f64> {
         self.a + self.b * t
     }
-    // This function takes a scene and returns the color of the point where the ray intersects the scene
+    // Return a transformed version of the ray
-    pub fn shade_ray(&self, scene: &Scene) -> Option<Vector3<u8>> {
+    pub fn transform(&self, trans: &Matrix4<f64>) -> Ray {
-        //Get the closest intersection of the ray with the scene
+        Ray {
+            a: trans.transform_point(&self.a),
+            b: trans.transform_vector(&self.b),
+        }
+    }
+    //This function will determine if the ray hits an object in the scene
+    pub fn hit_scene(&self, scene: &Scene) -> bool {
+        for (_, node) in &scene.nodes {
+            if !node.active {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Transform ray into local model cordinates
+            let ray = self.transform(&node.inv_model);
+            // Check bounding box intersection
+            if node.primitive.intersect_bounding_box(&ray) {
+                // Check primitive intersection
+                if node.primitive.intersect_ray(&ray).is_some() {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        false
+    }
+    //This function find the closest intersection point of a ray with an object in the scene
+    pub fn closest_intersect<'a>(&'a self, scene: &'a Scene) -> Option<(&Node, Intersection)> {
         let mut closest_distance = f64::MAX;
-        let mut closest_intersect: Option<Intersection> = None;
+        let mut closest_intersect: Option<(&Node, Intersection)> = None;
-        let mut closest_node = None;
-
         for (_, node) in &scene.nodes {
             if !node.active {
                 continue;
@@ -66,20 +108,28 @@ impl Ray {
                     // Check for closest distance
                     if intersect.distance < closest_distance {
                         closest_distance = intersect.distance;
-                        closest_intersect = Some(intersect);
+                        closest_intersect = Some((node, intersect));
-                        closest_node = Some(node);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        //Shade the intersection point if there is one
         match closest_intersect {
-            Some(intersect) => {
+            Some((node, intersect)) => {
-                //Inverse transform back to world coords
+                Some((node, intersect.transform(&node.model, &node.inv_model)))
-                let node = closest_node.unwrap();
+            }
-                let intersect = intersect.transform(&node.model, &node.inv_model);
+            None => None,
-                Some(Ray::phong_shade_point(&scene, &self, &node, &intersect)) // If there is an intersection, shade it
+        }
+    }
+    // This function takes a scene and returns the color of the point where the ray intersects the scene
+    pub fn shade_ray(&self, scene: &Scene, depth: u8) -> Option<Vector3<f32>> {
+        if depth == MAX_DEPTH {
+            return None;
+        }
+        match self.closest_intersect(scene) {
+            Some((node, intersect)) => {
+                Some(Ray::phong_shade_point(
+                    &scene, &self, &node, &intersect, depth,
+                )) // If there is an intersection, shade it
             }
             None => None, // If there is no intersection, return None
         }
@@ -91,18 +141,13 @@ impl Ray {
         ray: &Ray,
         node: &Node,
         intersect: &Intersection,
-    ) -> Vector3<u8> {
+        depth: u8,
+    ) -> Vector3<f32> {
         let point = &intersect.point;
         let normal = &intersect.normal;
         let incidence = &ray.b;
 
         let material = &node.material;
-        let kd = &material.kd;
-        let ks = &material.ks;
-        let shininess = material.shininess;
-
-        // Point to camera
-        let to_camera = -incidence;
 
         // Compute the ambient light component and set it as base colour
         let mut colour = Vector3::zeros();
@@ -121,59 +166,62 @@ impl Ray {
             let light_distance = to_light.norm() as f32;
             let to_light = to_light.normalize();
 
-            // let to_light_ray = Ray::new(point.clone() + 0.0001 * normal, to_light);
+            let to_light_ray = Ray::new(point.clone() + 0.001 * normal, to_light);
-            // if to_light_ray.light_blocked(scene) {
+            if to_light_ray.light_blocked(scene, node) {
-            // continue;
+                continue;
-            // }
+            }
 
-            // Diffuse component
             let n_dot_l = normal.dot(&to_light).max(0.0) as f32;
-            let diffuse = n_dot_l * kd;
+
-            // Specular component
+            //Diffuse component
+            let mut diffuse = Vector3::zeros();
+            // diffuse = material.kd * n_dot_l;
+            for _ in 0..DIFFUSE_RAYS {
+                let diffuse_dir = random_on_hemisphere(normal);
+                let ray = Ray::new(point.clone() + normal, diffuse_dir);
+                if let Some(col) = ray.shade_ray(scene, depth + 1) {
+                    diffuse += col * DIFFUSE_COEFFICIENT;
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Specular component
             let mut specular = Vector3::zeros();
             if n_dot_l > 0.0 {
-                // Halfway vector.
+                let h = (to_light - incidence).normalize();
-                let h = to_camera + to_light.normalize();
                 let n_dot_h = normal.dot(&h).max(0.0) as f32;
-                specular = ks * n_dot_h.powf(shininess);
+                specular = material.ks * n_dot_h.powf(material.shininess);
             }
-            // Compute light falloff
+
+            //Falloff
             let falloff = 1.0
                 / (1.0
                     + light.falloff[0]
                     + light.falloff[1] * light_distance
-                    + light.falloff[2] * light_distance.powi(2));
+                    + light.falloff[2] * light_distance * light_distance);
 
-            let light_intensity = light.colour.component_mul(&(diffuse + specular)) * falloff;
+            let intensity = light
-            colour += &light_intensity;
+                .colour
+                .component_mul(&((diffuse + specular) * falloff));
+            colour += &intensity;
         }
 
-        colour *= 255.0;
+        colour
-        let (r, g, b) = (colour.x as u8, colour.y as u8, colour.z as u8);
-        Vector3::new(r, g, b)
     }
 
-    pub fn light_blocked(&mut self, scene: &Scene) -> bool {
+    pub fn light_blocked(&self, scene: &Scene, _node: &Node) -> bool {
         for (_, node) in &scene.nodes {
             if !node.active {
                 continue;
             }
-            self.transform(&node.inv_model);
+            let ray = self.transform(&node.inv_model);
-            if node.primitive.intersect_bounding_box(&self) {
+            if node.primitive.intersect_bounding_box(&ray) {
-                if node.primitive.intersect_ray(&self).is_some() {
+                if node.primitive.intersect_ray(&ray).is_some() {
                     return true;
                 }
             }
         }
         false
     }
-    // Return a transformed version of the ray
-    pub fn transform(&self, trans: &Matrix4<f64>) -> Ray {
-        Ray {
-            a: trans.transform_point(&self.a),
-            b: trans.transform_vector(&self.b),
-        }
-    }
     //Cast a set of rays
     pub fn cast_rays(
         eye: &Point3<f64>,
@@ -190,29 +238,31 @@ impl Ray {
         let fovy_radians = fovy.to_radians();
         let fovh_radians = 2.0 * ((fovy_radians / 2.0).tan() * aspect).atan();
         // Vectors pointing forward, right and up
-        let forward = (target - eye).normalize();
+        let zv = (target - eye).normalize();
-        let right = forward.cross(&up).normalize();
+        let xv = zv.cross(&up).normalize();
-        let up = right.cross(&forward).normalize();
+        let yv = xv.cross(&zv).normalize();
         // ☐ height and width of projection
         let vheight = 2.0 * (fovy_radians / 2.0).tan();
         let vwidth = 2.0 * (fovh_radians / 2.0).tan();
         // Increment of right and up per pixel
-        let d_hor_vec = right * (vwidth / width);
+        let dy = vheight / height;
-        let d_vert_vec = up * (vheight / height);
+        let dx = vwidth / width;
+        let dxv = dx * xv;
+        let dyv = dy * yv;
         // Half the width for later calculation
         let half_width = width / 2.0;
         let half_height = height / 2.0;
         // Array of rays
         let mut rays = Vec::with_capacity(width as usize * height as usize);
         // Iterate column by row
-        for row in 0..height as u32 {
+        for y in 0..height as u32 {
-            for column in 0..width as u32 {
+            for x in 0..width as u32 {
-                let x = (column as f64) - half_width;
+                let x = (x as f64) - half_width;
-                let y = half_height - (row as f64);
+                let y = half_height - (y as f64);
 
-                let horizontal = x * &d_hor_vec;
+                let horizontal = x * &dxv;
-                let vertical = y * &d_vert_vec;
+                let vertical = y * &dyv;
-                let direction = (forward + horizontal + vertical).normalize();
+                let direction = (zv + horizontal + vertical).normalize();
                 let ray = Ray::new(eye.clone(), direction);
                 rays.push(ray);
             }